PLM_44_Ch06 199..226
نویسنده
چکیده
A fundamental aspect of human intelligence is the ability to represent and reason relations. Examples of relational thinking include our ability to appreciate analogies between diVerent objects or events (Gentner, 1983; Holyoak & Thagard, 1995); our ability to apply abstract rules in novel situations (e.g., Smith, Langston, & Nisbett, 1992); our ability to understand and learn language (e.g., Kim, Pinker, Prince, & Prasada, 1991); our ability to learn and use categories (Ross, 1987); and even our ability to appreciate perceptual similarities (e.g., Palmer, 1978; Goldstone, Medin, & Gentner, 1991; Hummel, 2000a; Hummel & Stankiewicz, 1996a). Relational inferences and generalizations are so commonplace that it is tempting to assume that the psychological mechanisms underlying them are relatively simple; but this would be a mistake. The capacity to form and manipulate explicit relational (i.e., symbolic) representations appears to be a late evolutionary development (Robin & Holyoak, 1994), closely tied to the substantial increase in the size and complexity of the frontal cortex in the brains of higher primates, most notably humans (Stuss & Benson, 1987). AU1
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Intense ultrasonic clicks from echolocating toothed whales do not elicit anti-predator responses or debilitate the squid Loligo pealeii.
Toothed whales use intense ultrasonic clicks to echolocate prey and it has been hypothesized that they also acoustically debilitate their prey with these intense sound pulses to facilitate capture. Cephalopods are an important food source for toothed whales, and there has probably been an evolutionary selection pressure on cephalopods to develop a mechanism for detecting and evading sound-emitt...
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Caldeira–Leggett, 35, 41 Carlson–Goldman mode, 313, 318 causality structure, 24, 33, 35, 82, 84, 105, 127, 241, 243, 245, 248, 265, 283, 302, 321, 326 caustics, 74 classical–quantum components, 19, 30, 191, 199, 205 closed time contour, 3, 13, 76, 84, 98, 142, 186, 299 coherent states bosonic, 10 fermionic, 184 Cole–Hopf transformation, 166, 167, 180 collision term, 56, 83, 90, 92–96, 137, 141,...
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Introduction For infants under 6 months, the literature recommends 1,000-Hz tympanometry, which has a greater sensitivity for the correct identification of middle ear disorders in this population. Objective To systematically analyze national and international publications found in electronic databases that used tympanometry with 226-Hz and 1,000-Hz probe tones. Data Synthesis Initially, we iden...
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